While concussion can occur in any sport we see more incidents during rugby and football season. Concussion in sport has been discussed again recently in Melbourne with the Australian football codes and medical experts coming together.

A concussion is an injury to the brain, usually caused by a blow to the head that results in temporary loss of normal brain function. A person does not need to lose consciousness to suffer a concussion.

The brain floats inside the skull, cushioned gently by the surrounding spinal fluid. An abrupt blow to the head, or even a rapid deceleration, can cause the brain to bounce against the inner wall of the skull. There is potential for tearing of blood vessels, pulling of nerve fibres and bruising of the brain.

Symptoms

Common symptoms include headache, vision disturbance, dizziness, vomiting, confusion, memory loss, ringing in the ears, and loss of balance.

A concussion can affect memory, judgment, reflexes and muscle coordination.

Behavioral changes such as inappropriate emotions, irritability, feeling nervous or anxious may be seen. Poor attention, sensitivity to light and noise, lack of concentration and sleep disturbance can also be symptoms of concussion.

Perseverating (repeating the same thing over and over), despite being told the answer each time can occur. Example from a 2012 game against Scots, a concussed player asked repeatedly, “Did we win? Did I play well? Did I play well? Did we win”? In this case it was another player who sought medical attention for the concussed player and that’s what we need. Players, coaches, parents, staff – everyone being aware of concussion and seeking medical advice as necessary.

Margaret Bates
Senior School Nurse